What are various computer related threats? Explain. Describe various measures you may take to protect your computer system from those threats.

Threats target Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability — pair each with a safeguard.

Threats:

1. Malware — Virus/worm/Trojan/ransomware/spyware.
2. Phishing — Fake mails/sites stealing passwords/OTP.
3. Hacking — Password guessing, unpatched exploits.
4. DoS/DDoS — Flooding servers (result-day outages).
5. Social engineering + insider — Fake calls, USB theft.
6. Eavesdropping — Snooping open Wi-Fi.

Protection measures:

1. MFA + access control — Strong passwords, OTP/biometric, role rights with logs.
2. Firewall + IDS/IPS — Filter rules; detect and block intrusions.
3. Antivirus + patching — Updated scanning; timely OS/app updates; scan pen-drives.
4. Email filtering + training — Spam filters, block .exe; never share OTP.
5. Encryption + signature — HTTPS, hashed passwords, signed docs (ETA 2063).
6. Backup + monitoring — Offline full/incremental backups with restore test; SoC/CERT watch.

Close: layered people + technology + policy — no single tool suffices.