Cloud computing helps to enhance the efficiency and productivity over the conventional methods. Justify this statement with proper examples. Also, describe with an example the use of Internet of Things device in public security.

Cloud computing delivers servers, storage, software over internet on pay-as-you-go instead of buying own machines.

Why more efficient than conventional (buy-and-maintain servers):

1. No upfront cost — Municipality uses Google Workspace instead of buying mail server; GIDC hosts gov.np sites instead of each office running server rooms.
2. Scale on demand — Result day: auto-scale to lakhs of hits; normal days scale down. Conventional server would crash or sit idle.
3. Anywhere access — Officer approves file from field via mobile; conventional office PC only works in office.
4. Backup and updates automatic — Cloud keeps replicas and patches; conventional needs manual backup and staff.
5. Example: Police units share one cloud crime database — Kathmandu entry visible in Pokhara instantly, with audit logs. Conventional registers need phone/fax and retyping.

IoT in public security (example): IoT = everyday devices with sensors + internet reporting automatically.

Example: CCTV + ANPR (number-plate) cameras + GPS patrol vans linked to control room. Camera detects stolen plate → cloud alerts nearest van's tablet with live location; GPS tracks response time. Similarly, flood sensors on Karnali river SMS alerts to police before water enters villages. Result: faster response, evidence video, fewer personnel for 24×7 watch.

Caution: secure IoT with strong passwords and VPN — hijacked cameras become entry points.