Define an operating system. List any four functions of an operating system.

Operating System (OS) is system software that manages computer hardware, software resources, and provides common services for computer programs. It acts as an intermediary between users and the computer hardware.

Four functions of an operating system:

1. Process Management — Creating, scheduling, and terminating processes. The OS allocates CPU time to different processes using scheduling algorithms.
2. Memory Management — Allocating and deallocating memory to programs. Manages RAM usage and implements virtual memory.
3. File System Management — Organizing, storing, retrieving, and managing data on storage devices. Handles file permissions and directory structures.
4. Device Management — Managing input/output devices through device drivers. Controls communication between hardware and software.