In MS-Excel, how do you combine the logical operators AND and OR with an IF clause? Give an example.

IF makes decisions; AND/OR combine multiple conditions inside it.

• AND(c1,c2) is TRUE only if all conditions are true.
• OR(c1,c2) is TRUE if any condition is true.
• Pattern: =IF(AND(...),"...","...") or =IF(OR(...),"...","...").

Example — scholarship rule: Marks in B2, attendance in C2. Rule: scholarship only if marks ≥80 AND attendance ≥90.

=IF(AND(B2>=80,C2>=90),"Scholarship","No")

• B2=85, C2=92 → both true → Scholarship.
• B2=85, C2=80 → AND false → No.

OR example — pass rule: Pass if theory ≥40 OR practical ≥40 (D2=theory, E2=practical):

=IF(OR(D2>=40,E2>=40),"Pass","Fail")

Nesting allowed: =IF(AND(A1>0,OR(B1="Yes",C1="Yes")),"OK","Check") — combine as needed.