Briefly explain how file management is done in Windows operating system illustrating with examples.

File management in Windows means organizing, storing, locating, protecting and maintaining files and folders on storage devices. Windows mainly provides File Explorer for this purpose. It displays data in a hierarchical structure: a computer contains drives, a drive contains folders and subfolders, and folders contain files. The complete address of an item is its path, for example C:\Users\Sita\Documents\Reports\AnnualReport.docx.

Common file-management operations include:

• Create: Use New → Folder or create a file from an application and save it with a meaningful name.
• Open and view: Double-click a file, or select a folder in File Explorer to view its contents.
• Copy and move: Ctrl + C followed by Ctrl + V duplicates an item; Ctrl + X followed by Ctrl + V moves it.
• Rename: Select an item, press F2, enter the new name and press Enter.
• Delete and restore: Press Delete to send an item to the Recycle Bin. It can be restored until the Bin is emptied. Shift + Delete bypasses the Recycle Bin and should be used carefully.
• Search and sort: The search box can find files by name, extension, date or content. Items can be sorted by name, type, size or modified date.
• Check properties: Right-click an item and choose Properties to see its location, size, dates, attributes and permissions.

For example, monthly reports may be arranged as Documents\Office\2081\Monthly Reports, with files named Report-Baisakh.docx, Report-Jestha.docx, and so on. Consistent names, separate folders, suitable access permissions and regular backup make files easier to find and reduce accidental loss.