What is DBMS? Explain advantages and disadvantages of DBMS.

A DBMS (MySQL, MS-Access) manages databases centrally with queries, security and recovery — e.g. Board's tea-garden registry instead of scattered Excels.

Advantages:

1. Less redundancy — Farmer stored once, reused.
2. Integrity — Validation + referential rules block wrong entries.
3. Sharing + security — Concurrent roles with logs.
4. Fast queries/reports — "List Ilam gardens >10 ropani" in seconds.
5. Backup/recovery — Restore after failure.

Disadvantages:

1. Cost/complexity — License + trained DBA needed.
2. Overhead — Slower than flat file for tiny single-user lists.
3. Failure impact — Central crash halts all unless replicated; needs regular backup and access control.

Use DBMS when records grow and sharing matters; flat files suffice for one-off small lists.