What is a Database Management System (DBMS)? Explain the components and architecture of a DBMS. Write SQL queries for the following:

A Database Management System (DBMS) is software that enables users to create, manage, and manipulate databases. It provides an interface between the database and its end users or application programs.

Components of DBMS:

1. Database Engine — Core service for storing, processing, and securing data
2. Database Schema — Defines the logical structure (tables, relationships, constraints)
3. Query Processor — Interprets and executes database queries (SQL)
4. Transaction Management — Ensures ACID properties (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability)
5. Storage Manager — Manages data storage on physical media

SQL Queries:

a) Create table:

CREATE TABLE Employee (
    EmpID INT PRIMARY KEY,
    Name VARCHAR(100),
    Department VARCHAR(50),
    Salary DECIMAL(10, 2)
);

b) Insert record:

INSERT INTO Employee (EmpID, Name, Department, Salary)
VALUES (101, 'Ram Sharma', 'IT', 45000.00);

c) Select IT employees:

SELECT * FROM Employee
WHERE Department = 'IT';

d) Update salary:

UPDATE Employee
SET Salary = 50000.00
WHERE EmpID = 101;

e) Delete record:

DELETE FROM Employee
WHERE EmpID = 105;